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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal factors CLKs' understanding of the need to be pragmatic and the relationship advantages they could draw on were important. Researchers from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationships with their local professors as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see example 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on the practical important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT is unable to account for cultural and individual variations in communication. Furthermore, the DCT is susceptible to bias and may cause overgeneralizations. As a result, it is important to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable instrument to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter the social variables that are relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a plus. This feature can help researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the primary instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to investigate many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the level of phonological sophistication in learners in their speech. A recent study used an DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing like the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection. DCTs can be designed using specific language requirements, like the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They may not be precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further research on different methods to assess the ability to refuse. In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study explored Chinese learners' choices when it comes to using Korean by using a range of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performance in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was analyzed first to identify the participants' practical choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. 프라그마틱 추천 were also required to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days of the participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders, were then coded. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The key problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question using a variety of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create patterns that resembled native ones. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal aspects such as their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also referred external factors, like relationship advantages. They also discussed, for instance, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform more comfortably in terms of the cultural and linguistic expectations of their university. The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they could face when their social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native interactants might consider them “foreigners” and believe they are incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. This will also aid educators improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that employs deep, participatory investigations to explore a particular subject. It is a method that uses numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation is ideal for studying specific or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods. In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to identify which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the subject to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the case in a broader theoretical context. This study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency to include their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses. The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding perception of the world. Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies listed below to use when making demands. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personalities. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with an intense workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do this.